International Journal of Commerce & Business Management

Poonam , Rakesh Nanda ¹, S. K. Kher ¹, N. Ahmed , S. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

Shelf-help groups is a group of rural poor who have volunteered to organize themselves into a group for eradication of poverty of the members. The main aformation mechanism of self-help groups and to measure the impact of SHGs on rural women in means of decision making. The study consisted of 250 women members of SHGs and 250 non- SHG women members as selected respondents. The findings indicated that highest majority of women participated in SHGs for economic independence, incomegeneration activities and social contacts. The impact of decision making on SHG members were found significantly higher than non- SHG members in household expenditure, education of children, marriage of children, marketing and social customs in home.

Keywords

SHG, Rural Women, Impact, Group Formation, Decision Making

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S. P. Singh ¹, Harminder Singh ², Nafees Ahmed ³, Huma Sehar ², Nimit Kumar ², Chandan Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
3 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Shere- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

The NREGA addresses itself chiefly to working people and their fundamental right to live with dignity. The success of the NREGA, however, will depend on people's realization of the Act as a right. The issues involved in empowering workers are in the range of enhancement of knowledge levels, development of literacy skills and organizing workers. Enhancing social security levels of workers also needs to be considered. Another important task is to link NREGA with other developmental programmes. Empowerment of workers and creation of durable assets depend, in terms of their strategies, to a great extent on the linkages between NREGA and other development programmes. Linkages with human development programmes such as the National Rural Health Mission and the National Literacy Mission are needed to ensure basic human entitlements to workers that in turn will enhance their capacity to negotiate their rights under the Act. Linkages with other livelihood and infrastructure initiatives need to be considered for sustainable employment. The thrust of NREGA is on strengthening the natural resource base of livelihood. Initiatives for natural resource management also need to be dovetailed with income generation projects to enable workers to move from wage employment to self-sustaining employment. In addition to this, there is a need to improve the technological options for performances and monitoring.

Keywords

NREGA, MGNREGA, Socio-economic Impact, Rural Population

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Parvani Sharma ¹, Rakesh Nanda ², Poonam Parihar ², S. P. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, K&K, IN
2 Division of Extension Education, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN
3 Division of Economics and Statistics, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

The rapid growth has helped Indian agriculture mark its presence at global level. India stands among top three in terms of production of various agricultural commodities like paddy, wheat, pulses, groundnut, rapeseeds, fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tea, jute, cotton, tobacco leaves, etc (GOI, 2008-09). But with the change in phases, the improvements in agricultural technologies and practice means has resulted in more consumption of food per head available than 40 years ago.In addition to this increasing crop yields in many parts of the world, advances in agricultural technologies have also contributed to a safer food supply, and in some cases, improved environmental quality. Over the next 30 years, agriculture will have to sustain an additional 2 billion people from an increasingly fragile resource base. Ever-growing demands and increasing pressures on land and water resources mean that agriculture has to become even more productive, efficient and environmentally sound and to foster this will require the application of new technologies , scientific knowledge improved resource management and continued public and private research investment in emerging technologies. With the beginning of the new century, the world has to faced enormous challenges to meet the food, feed and fibre needs of a growing population with rising incomes. It has been estimated that by 2025 the global population will be approximately 7.9 billion, up from 6 billion currently. Global cereal and meat demands will increase by 46% and 56%, respectively.To put an end to and to conserve the natural resource "sustainability" is commonly seen as a property of an ecosystem. But sustainability can be seen from other perspectives, which are more relevant for extension. Environmental issues emerge from the human use of natural resources. Sustainability can, therefore, be defined in terms of human reasons, activities, and agreements. Sustainability emerges out of shared human experiences, objectives, knowledge, decisions, technology, and organization. Agriculture becomes sustainable only when people have reason to make it so. Other than the introduction of sustainability innovation is also playing an important role and it should also be incorporate in natural regenerative processes, such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient recycling, maintenance of soil structure and fertility, and protection of natural enemies of insect pests, weeds and diseases, into agricultural practices. These approaches can make better use of the indigenous knowledge of farmers and, where it can be appropriately , combine with new science-based technologies for optimum results.

Keywords

Sustainable Development, Technology, Innovation, Food Security, Productivity

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